Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a research method that involves collecting real-time data from participants in their everyday environments. This approach allows researchers to capture moment-to-moment fluctuations in behaviors, emotions, and experiences as they occur in participants' natural settings. EMA typically involves the use of electronic devices, such as smartphones or smartwatches, to prompt participants to report on their experiences multiple times throughout the day. This method provides a more accurate and detailed account of individuals' daily lives compared to traditional retrospective self-report measures. EMA is commonly used in various fields, such as psychology, sociology, and public health, to study a wide range of phenomena, including stress, mood, physical activity, and substance use.